ICF专业教练11项核心能力

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以下是ICF规定的专业教练的11项核心能力，同样也是我在2010年撰写一本教练课程手册时翻译的，当然也同样是非常好的学习及参考资料。此文值得专业教练反复研读，对于其他对教练技术感兴趣的朋友们，这也是一份很好的学习资料。

ICF PROFESSIONAL COACHING CORE COMPETENCIES

 ICF职业教练核心能力

（翻译：陈绰）

The following eleven core coaching competencies were developed to support greater understanding about the skills and approaches used within today’s coaching profession as defined by the ICF. They will also support you in calibrating the level of alignment between the coach-specific training expected and the training you have experienced. 以下是ICF所确定的职业教练的11项核心能力，可以帮助加深您对ICF所定义的目前的职业教练所使用的技术及方法的理解，同时还可以帮助您衡量教练培训课程与您所上的培训课程之间的匹配程度。

Finally, these competencies were used as the foundation for the ICF Credentialing process examination. The core competencies are grouped into four clusters according to those that fit together logically based on common ways of looking at the competencies in each group. The groupings and individual competencies are not weighted – they do not represent any kind of priority in that they are all core or critical for any competent coach to demonstrate. 最后，这些能力是ICF认证考试的基础。这些核心能力按逻辑相关性分为4大项，各大项及各单项均没有重要性之分——没有任何优先顺序，因为对任何合格的教练来说，这些都是需要具备的核心而关键的能力。

A.  SETTING THE FOUNDATION  建立基础

1.  Meeting Ethical Guidelines and Professional Standards 遵守道德准则及职业标准

2.  Establishing the Coaching Agreement  达成教练约定

B.  CO-CREATING THE RELATIONSHIP  共同建立关系

3.  Establishing Trust and Intimacy with the Client  与客户建立信任及亲和关系

4.  Coaching Presence 教练状态

C.  COMMUNICATING EFFECTIVELY  有效沟通

5.  Active Listening 积极聆听

6.  Powerful Questioning 有力发问

7.  Direct Communication  直接沟通

D.  FACILITATING LEARNING AND RESULTS  引导学习及结果

8.  Creating Awareness 创造认知

9.  Designing Actions 设计行动计划

10.  Planning and Goal Setting  计划和目标设定

11.  Managing Progress and Accountability  管理进展情况及确定责任

A.  SETTING THE FOUNDATION 建立基础

1.  Meeting Ethical Guidelines and Professional Standards  遵守道德准则及职业标准

Understanding of coaching ethics and standards and ability to apply them appropriately in all coaching situations 理解教练的道德准则及职业标准，并能在任何教练情境中适当地运用

  1. Understands and exhibits in own behaviors the ICF Standards of Conduct (see list, Part III of ICF Code of Ethics), 理解《ICF行为准则》（《ICF道德准则》第三部分），并体现在自身的行为中
  2. Understands and follows all ICF Ethical Guidelines, 理解并遵守所有ICF的道德准则
  3. Clearly communicates the distinctions between coaching, consulting, psychotherapy and other support professions, 清楚地向客户说明教练与咨询、心理治疗以及其他支持性职业之间的区别
  4. Refers client to another support professional as needed, knowing when this is needed and the available resources. 必要时将客户介绍给其他支持性职业人士

2.  Establishing the Coaching Agreement  达成教练约定

Ability to understand what is required in the specific coaching interaction and to come to agreement with the prospective and new client about the coaching process and relationship 能够理解在具体的教练关系中需要什么，并与潜在新客户就教练过程及关系达成一致的约定

  1. Understands and effectively discusses with the client the guidelines and specific parameters of the coaching relationship (e.g., logistics, fees, scheduling, inclusion of others if appropriate), 理解教练关系的原则以及具体事宜（例如，后勤安排、费用、时间安排以及其它有关事宜），并与客户沟通清楚
  2. Reaches agreement about what is appropriate in the relationship and what is not, what is and is not being offered, and about the client’s and coach’s responsibilities, 就在教练关系中的合适及不合适事宜、提供及不提供什么服务、以及客户及教练各自的责任等达成一致
  3. Determines whether there is an effective match between his/her coaching method and the needs of the prospective client. 确定自己的教练方法与潜在客户的需求之间是否匹配

B.  CO-CREATING THE RELATIONSHIP 共同建立关系

3.  Establishing Trust and Intimacy with the Client  与客户建立信任及亲和关系

Ability to create a safe, supportive environment that produces ongoing mutual respect and trust 能够建立一个安全的、支持性的环境，以保持持续的彼此尊重与信任关系

  1. Shows genuine concern for the client’s welfare and future, 显示出对客户利益及未来的真正关心
  2. Continuously demonstrates personal integrity, honesty and sincerity, 持续表现出个人的正直、诚实和真诚
  3. Establishes clear agreements and keeps promises, 清楚地达成一致并遵守承诺
  4. Demonstrates respect for client’s perceptions, learning style, personal being, 尊重客户的观念、学习风格及个性特点
  5. Provides ongoing support for and champions new behaviors and actions, including those involving risk taking and fear of failure, 持续地支持、倡导新的行为及行动，包括那些冒险的、以及害怕失败的行为及行动
  6. Asks permission to coach client in sensitive, new areas. 在就敏感的、新的领域进行教练时，要获得客户的许可

4.  Coaching Presence  教练状态

Ability to be fully conscious and create spontaneous relationship with the client, employing a style that is open, flexible and confident 能够保持完全的清醒、与客户建立自然而然的关系，树立开放的、灵活的、自信的风格

  1. Is present and flexible during the coaching process, dancing in the moment, 在教练过程中专注、灵活，适时适景、因地制宜
  2. Accesses own intuition and trusts one’s inner knowing – “goes with the gut”, 利用直觉，相信自己内心的感知——“跟着感觉走”
  3. Is open to not knowing and takes risks, 对于不知道的领域保持开放的心态，敢于冒险
  4. Sees many ways to work with the client, and chooses in the moment what is most effective, 知道处理客户状况的多种方法，并选择当时最有效的方式
  5. Uses humor effectively to create lightness and energy, 有效地运用幽默，创造轻松活跃的气氛
  6. Confidently shifts perspectives and experiments with new possibilities for own action, 自信地转换视角，自己在行动上尝试新的可能性
  7. Demonstrates confidence in working with strong emotions, and can self-manage and not be overpowered or enmeshed by client’s emotions. 在处理强烈的情绪时显示出自信，能进行自我控制，而不陷入或被客户的情绪所控制

C.  COMMUNICATING EFFECTIVELY 有效沟通

5.  Active Listening  积极聆听

Ability to focus completely on what the client is saying and is not saying, to understand the meaning of what is said in the context of the client’s desires, and to support client self-expression 能够全神贯注于客户正在讲以及没有讲的事情，理解客户话语中表达出的期望，支持客户自我表达

  1. Attends to the client and the client’s agenda, and not to the coach’s agenda for the client, 关注客户及客户的计划，而不是教练给客户制定的计划
  2. Hears the client’s concerns, goals, values and beliefs about what is and is not possible, 聆听客户的关注点、目标、以及价值观和信念（关于什么是可能的什么是不可能的）
  3. Distinguishes between the words, the tone of voice, and the body language, 从言语、声调以及肢体语言中辨别含义
  4. Summarizes, paraphrases, reiterates, mirrors back what client has said to ensure clarity and understanding, 对客户所说的话进行总结、转述、复述、重述，以保证清晰、准确的理解
  5. Encourages, accepts, explores and reinforces the client’s expression of feelings, perceptions, concerns, beliefs, suggestions, etc., 鼓励、接受、探索、加强客户所表达的情感、观点、关注点、信念、建议等等
  6. Integrates and builds on client’s ideas and suggestions, 整合客户的想法和建议
  7. “Bottom-lines” or understands the essence of the client’s communication and helps the client get there rather than engaging in long descriptive stories, “设定底线”，或者理解客户所要表达的中心意思，帮助客户达到目的，而不是去听长长的描述性的故事
  8. Allows the client to vent or “clear” the situation without judgment or attachment in order to move on to next steps. 允许客户发泄或“清理”状况，不要评判、不要发挥，以便进入接下来的环节

6.  Powerful Questioning  有力发问

Ability to ask questions that reveal the information needed for maximum benefit to the coaching relationship and the client 能够问出可以带来所需信息的问题，这些问题应该能使教练关系和客户的利益最大化

  1. Asks questions that reflect active listening and an understanding of the client’s perspective, 问出的问题应该反映出积极聆听以及对客户观点的理解
  2. Asks questions that evoke discovery, insight, commitment or action (e.g., those that challenge the client’s assumptions), 问出的问题应该激发探索、洞察、承诺或行动（例如，那些挑战客户的假定的问题）
  3. Asks open-ended questions that create greater clarity, possibility or new learning 问出开放式的问题，这些问题应该创造出更清晰的想法、更多的可能性或者产生新的学习
  4. Asks questions that move the client towards what they desire, not questions that ask for the client to justify or look backwards. 问出的问题应该使客户向他们的希望前进，而不是让客户做出辩解或者向回看

7.  Direct Communication  直接沟通

Ability to communicate effectively during coaching sessions, and to use language that has the greatest positive impact on the client 能够在教练过程中有效地进行沟通，并运用可对客户产生最大积极影响的语言

  1. Is clear, articulate and direct in sharing and providing feedback, 给予清楚、明白、直接的反馈
  2. Reframes and articulates to help the client understand from another perspective what he/she wants or is uncertain about, 通过重新组织语言清楚地表述来帮助客户从另一个角度理解他/她的希望或所拿不准的东西
  3. Clearly states coaching objectives, meeting agenda, purpose of techniques or exercises, 清楚地说明教练目标、见面的时间、练习或方法的目的
  4. Uses language appropriate and respectful to the client (e.g., non-sexist, non-racist, non-technical, non-jargon), 使用恰当的、尊敬客户的语言（例如，无性别歧视，无种族歧视，非专业性的，不要有行话）
  5. Uses metaphor and analogy to help to illustrate a point or paint a verbal picture. 使用比喻和类比帮助说明观点，或者用语言描述一幅画面

D.  FACILITATING LEARNING AND RESULTS 引导学习及结果

8.  Creating Awareness  创建认知

Ability to integrate and accurately evaluate multiple sources of information, and to make interpretations that help the client to gain awareness and thereby achieve agreed-upon results 能够整合并准确评估多个来源的信息，做出解读以帮助客户获得认知，从而达到之前达成一致的期望的结果

  1. Goes beyond what is said in assessing client’s concerns, not getting hooked by the client’s description, 在确定客户的关注点时，要超越客户所说的话，不要被客户所描述的内容所迷惑
  2. Invokes inquiry for greater understanding, awareness and clarity, 借助询问加深理解、加强认知、增加明确性
  3. Identifies for the client his/her underlying concerns, typical and fixed ways of perceiving himself/herself and the world, differences between the facts and the interpretation, disparities between thoughts, feelings and action, 帮助客户找出：他/她潜在的关注点；他/她看待自己和世界的典型的、固有的方式；事实和看法之间的区别；以及想法、感觉及行动之间的区别
  4. Helps clients to discover for themselves the new thoughts, beliefs, perceptions, emotions, moods, etc. that strengthen their ability to take action and achieve what is important to them, 帮助客户发现自己新的想法、信念、观点、情绪、状态等，从而加强他们去采取行动、做到那些对他们而言很重要的事情的能力
  5. Communicates broader perspectives to clients and inspires commitment to shift their viewpoints and find new possibilities for action, 扩大与客户的交流面，激发客户承诺去改变观点并发现新的行动的可能性
  6. Helps clients to see the different, interrelated factors that affect them and their behaviors (e.g., thoughts, emotions, body, background), 帮助客户看到对他们及他们的行为产生影响的不同的、相关的因素（例如，想法、情绪、身体、背景）
  7. Expresses insights to clients in ways that are useful and meaningful for the client, 以对客户有用的、有意义的方式，表达出你洞察到的东西
  8. Identifies major strengths vs. major areas for learning and growth, and what is most important to address during coaching, 找出主要的优势以及主要的学习及成长点，以及在教练过程中要关注的最重要的东西
  9. Asks the client to distinguish between trivial and significant issues, situational vs. recurring behaviors, when detecting a separation between what is being stated and what is being done. 当发现所做的和所说的不一致时，请客户区分琐事和重要的事情，情境性的和重复性的行为

9.  Designing Actions  设计行动计划

Ability to create with the client opportunities for ongoing learning, during coaching and in work/life situations, and for taking new actions that will most effectively lead to agreed-upon coaching results 能够与客户一起创造这样的机会：在教练过程中以及在工作/生活环境下不断地学习；采取最有效的可以促成结果达成的新行动

  1. Brainstorms and assists the client to define actions that will enable the client to demonstrate, practice and deepen new learning, 进行头脑风暴，帮助客户确定可以保证他/她展示、练习并深化学习成果的行动
  2. Helps the client to focus on and systematically explore specific concerns and opportunities that are central to agreed-upon coaching goals, 帮助客户围绕着之前达成的教练目标，专注而系统地找出具体的关注点及机会
  3. Engages the client to explore alternative ideas and solutions, to evaluate options, and to make related decisions, 让客户发现替代办法和方案，评估备选方案，做出相关的决定
  4. Promotes active experimentation and self-discovery, where the client applies what has been discussed and learned during sessions immediately afterwards in his/her work or life setting, 促进积极的实践和自我探索，让客户在教练后立即在他/她的工作或生活环境中去应用在教练过程中所讨论到并学习到的东西
  5. Celebrates client successes and capabilities for future growth, 对客户的成功以及未来进一步成长的能力进行祝贺
  6. Challenges client’s assumptions and perspectives to provoke new ideas and find new possibilities for action, 挑战客户的假设和观点，激发新的想法并发现新的行动机会
  7. Advocates or brings forward points of view that are aligned with client goals and, without attachment, engages the client to consider them, 提倡或者提出符合客户目标的观点，不要发挥，让客户去考虑这些观点
  8. Helps the client “Do It Now” during the coaching session, providing immediate support, 在教练过程中，帮助客户“现在就做”，马上就提供支持
  9. Encourages stretches and challenges but also a comfortable pace of learning. 鼓励压力和挑战，但同时要把学习控制在一个舒服的节奏上

10.  Planning and Goal Setting  计划和目标设定

Ability to develop and maintain an effective coaching plan with the client 能够与客户制定并维持有效的教练计划

  1. Consolidates collected information and establishes a coaching plan and development goals with the client that address concerns and major areas for learning and development, 综合所获得的信息，就客户的关注点及主要学习与成长点，与客户一起制定教练计划和成长目标
  2. Creates a plan with results that are attainable, measurable, specific and have target dates, 制定一个计划，这个计划要有结果，而这些结果是可达到、可衡量、具体、有达成时间的
  3. Makes plan adjustments as warranted by the coaching process and by changes in the situation, 根据教练进度以及情况的变化而调整计划
  4. Helps the client identify and access different resources for learning (e.g., books, other professionals), 帮助客户找到并利用各种学习资源（例如，书籍，其他专业人士）
  5. Identifies and targets early successes that are important to the client. 找到并瞄准那些对客户来说很重要的短期成功目标

11.  Managing Progress and Accountability  管理进展情况及问责

Ability to hold attention on what is important for the client, and to leave responsibility with the client to take action 能够把注意力放在对客户来讲重要的事情上，并且赋予客户采取行动的责任

  1. Clearly requests of the client actions that will move the client toward their stated goals, 清楚地要求客户做出使其向既定的目标迈进的行动
  2. Demonstrates follow through by asking the client about those actions that the client committed to during the previous session(s), 通过询问客户在以前（一次或数次）教练过程中承诺实施的行动进展情况来督促他/她的进步
  3. Acknowledges the client for what they have done, not done, learned or become aware of since the previous coaching session(s), 与客户确认自以前的（一次或数次）教练后客户已经做的和还没做的事情、学习到的或者已经意识到的东西
  4. Effectively prepares, organizes and reviews with client information obtained during sessions, 有效地准备、组织并与客户回顾在教练过程中获得的信息
  5. Keeps the client on track between sessions by holding attention on the coaching plan and outcomes, agreed-upon courses of action, and topics for future session(s), 通过把关注点放在教练计划和结果、事先达成一致的行动过程、以及后续的教练主题上，来保证客户在每次教练相隔的时间里处于正轨
  6. Focuses on the coaching plan but is also open to adjusting behaviors and actions based on the coaching process and shifts in direction during sessions, 关注教练计划，但同时，仍然可以在教练过程、以及调整后续教练方向的基础上调整行为及行动
  7. Is able to move back and forth between the big picture of where the client is heading, setting a context for what is being discussed and where the client wishes to go, 能够在客户想要去往的大方向、以及确定要讨论的情况和客户的希望之间来回切换
  8. Promotes client’s self-discipline and holds the client accountable for what they say they are going to do, for the results of an intended action, or for a specific plan with related time frames, 为了达到预期的行动结果、或者是完成有时间限定的具体计划，要促进客户的自我管理，让客户为自己说过的将要做什么事的话负责
  9. Develops the client’s ability to make decisions, address key concerns, and develop himself/herself (to get feedback, to determine priorities and set the pace of learning, to reflect on and learn from experiences), 提高客户做出决定、处理主要关注点、发展自我的能力（获得反馈、划分优先级、确定学习的节奏、从经历中反思并学习）
  10. Positively confronts the client with the fact that he/she did not take agreed-upon actions. 当客户没有采取已经达成一致的行动时，要积极地面对他/她